Microwave Engineering: Microstrip & Microwave Antenna

Microwave Engineering deals with the study, design, and application of high-frequency components and systems operating in the microwave spectrum (300 MHz to 300 GHz). Within this domain, microstrip and microwave antennas are vital elements in modern communication, radar, satellite, and sensing systems, enabling efficient transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves.

At the Academy of Technology (AOT), research in microwave engineering focuses on the design, simulation, fabrication, and testing of high-performance antennas and microwave devices. Microstrip antennas, known for their compact size, low profile, and ease of integration with electronic circuits, are a key area of study. Researchers work on enhancing antenna parameters such as gain, bandwidth, polarization, and radiation efficiency, while also developing innovative geometries for specific applications like wearable electronics, unmanned aerial vehicles, and IoT devices. In addition to antenna design, AOT’s research covers microwave components such as filters, couplers, and waveguides. Advanced electromagnetic simulation tools are used to model device performance, and experimental validation is carried out using network analyzers and anechoic chambers. Particular emphasis is placed on integrating antennas into complex systems for wireless communication, radar imaging, and navigation.

Applications of this research are vast, ranging from 5G and satellite communication systems to defense and space exploration technologies. Microstrip antennas are especially valuable in portable and mobile devices due to their lightweight construction and adaptability to various frequency bands. AOT’s well-equipped laboratories, combined with faculty expertise and collaborations with industry partners, create an environment conducive to innovation. Future research directions include the development of reconfigurable antennas, metamaterial-based designs, and millimeter-wave antennas for emerging 6G networks. Through its contributions in microwave engineering, the Academy of Technology is advancing the frontiers of wireless connectivity, ensuring reliable, efficient, and high-speed communication for diverse applications worldwide.

Researchers:

Dr. Tapas Tewary (ECE Department)
Dr. Smarajit Maity (ECE Department)
Mrs. Nupur Chhaule (ECE Department)
Mrs. Rakhi Neogi (ECE Department)

Projects:

Design of Intelligent Reflective Surface (IRS) coupled Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) and for various short range and long range wireless communications
Design of Microstrip Antenna and FSS for wideband and super wideband wireless communication applications
MIMO Antenna Design & Optimization Using Machine Learning
Development of Optimized Broadband High-Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Application

Problem Description: In microwave communications, MPAs are extensively used for Mobile communications, Satellite communications, Medical industries, Textile industries etc. due to their support for multi-frequency operations, low profile, small size, light weight, relatively inexpensive and easy integration into portable devices. Besides the advantages, MPAs also have some limitations like narrow bandwidth, lower gain, requirement of complex feed structures for high performance arrays, difficulty in achieving polarization purity, poor end-fire radiation, excess radiation from feeds and junctions, lower power handling capability etc. So, the researchers are trying to employ different techniques along with IRS to utilize MPAs to its fullest potential.

Focus of Research:

IRS integrated High Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna
FSS Integrated Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna
FSS Integrated High gain Miniaturized Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna

Publications:

T. Tewary, A. Mukherjee, S. Bhunia, Dual Notched Miniaturized Super Wideband Antenna Using Parasitic Strip and Slot, JOURNAL OF NANO-AND ELECTRONIC PHYSICS, Vol. 16, No 5, 05013 (1-5), October 2024. https://10.21272/jnep.16(5).05013
S. Bhunia, K. Guha, T. Tewary, Hybrid Shaped Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications, JOURNAL OF NANO- AND ELECTRONIC PHYSICS, Vol. 16, No 4, 04017 (1-5), August 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jnep.16(4).04017
S. Mukherjee, A. Roy, T. Tewary, K. Mandal, P. P. Sarkar, S. Bhunia, Improvement in notch band characteristics of a hexagonal super wideband antenna by interfering back radiation out of phase with front radiation using frequency selective surface, International Journal of Communication Systems, Vol. 37, No. 8, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.5754
T. Tewary, S. Maity, A. Roy, K. Mandal, S. Kundu, S. Bhunia, Design and analysis of frequency selective surface embedded broadband high gain miniaturized antenna, International Journal of Communication Systems, Vol. 37, No. 8, march 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.5754
S. Mukherjee, A. Roy, S. Maity, T. Tewary, K. Dutta, S. Bhunia, Electromagnetic band gap coupled tri-notched miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna loaded with slot and parasitic strip, International Journal of Communication Systems, Vol. 36, No. 15, July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5565
T. Tewary, S. Maity, A. Roy, and S. Bhunia, Wide Band Microstrip Patch Antenna with Enhanced Gain using FSS Structure, Journal of Microwaves Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, vol. 22, no. 2, June 2023. https://10.1590/217910742023v22i2273333
T. Tewary, S. Maity, A. Mukherjee, A. Roy, and S. Bhunia, FSS Integrated High Gain Broadband Antenna, JOURNAL OF NANO- AND ELECTRONIC PHYSICS, Vol. 15, No 3, 03015 (1-5), 2023. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/92406
S. Bhunia, N. Gupta, N. Kumari, J. Bhargav, A. Roy, T. Tewary, S Maity, Study and Analysis on Compactness of Patch Antenna Utilizing Ground Plane with U slot, JOURNAL OF NANO- AND ELECTRONIC PHYSICS, Vol. 15, No 4, 04021(1-4) ,2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jnep.15(4).04021.04021
S. Maity, T. Tewary, A. Roy, K. Mondal, S. Bhunia, HEART Shaped Broad band Hybrid Patch Antenna, International Journal of Microwave and Optical Technology Vol. 18, No.3, May 2023, pp.275-283. https:// IJMOT-2023-2-332495
T. Tewary, S. Maity, S. Mukherjee, A. Roy, P. P. Sarkar, S. Bhunia, FSS Embedded High Gain N shaped Miniaturized Broadband Antenna, AEUE-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 158, January 2023. https://10.1016/j.aeue.2022.154465
S. Maity, T. Tewary, S. Mukherjee, A. Roy, P. P. Sarkar, S. Bhunia, Super Wideband High Gain Hybrid Microstrip Patch Antenna, AEUE – International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 153, June 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2022.154264
S. Maity, T. Tewary, S. Mukherjee, A. Roy, P. P. Sarkar, S. Bhunia, Wideband Hybrid Microstrip Patch Antenna and Gain Improvement using FSS, International Journal of Communication Systems, Wiley Online Library, Vol. 35, No. 14, June 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5268
T. Tewary, S. Maity, S. Mukherjee, A. Roy, P. P. Sarkar, S. Bhunia, High gain miniaturized super-wideband microstrip patch antenna, International Journal of Communication Systems, Vol. 35, No. 11, April, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5181
S. Mukherjee, A. Roy, S. Maity, T. Tewary, P. P. Sarkar, S. Bhunia, A Design of Dual Band-Notched UWB Hexagonal Printed Microstrip Antenna, International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association, vol. 15,Issue 3, pp 526-534, April 2022. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1759078722000447
T. Tewary, S. Maity, S. Mukherjee, A. Roy, Dr. P. P. Sarkar, S. Bhunia, Design of high gain broadband microstrip patch antenna for UWB/X/Ku band applications, International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 139, July 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153905
Smarajit Maity, Tapas Tewary and Sunandan Bhunia, A Novel Broadband Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna for C band Applications, International Journal of Electronics & Communication Technology(IJECT),Vol. 11, Issue 4, pp. 9-13,2020. https://www.iject.org/iject-vol-11-4-oct-dec-2020/
Tapas Tewary, Smarajit Maity, Sunandan Bhunia, Compact Ultra-wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna, International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Data Communication (IJEEDC)-IJEEDC, Vol.8, Issue-10, pp. 4-8, Oct, 2020. https://ijeedc.iraj.in/paper_detail.php?paper_id=17595&name=Compact_Ultra-wideband_Microstrip_Patch_Antenna
S. Maity ,T. Tewary, S. Bhunia , Wideband Dipole Microstrip Patch Antenna for C band applications, International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Data Communication (IJEEDC), pp. 9-13, Vol. 8, Issue-10, Oct, 2020. http://ijeedc.iraj.in/paper_detail.php?paper_id=17596&name=Wideband_Dipole_Microstrip_Patch_Antenna_for_C-band_Applications
Tapas Tewary, Smarajit Maity, Sunandan Bhunia, Compact Thin Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET),Volume 9, Issue 10, pp 9540-9544, October 2020. https://10.15680/IJIRSET.2020.0910032
S. Maity, T. Tewary, S. Bhunia, High Gain Broadband Antenna for X Band Wireless Communication Application, 2024 4th International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control & Information Technology (C3IT), Hooghly, India, pp. 1-5, 2024. https://10.1109/C3IT60531.2024.10829415
T. Tewary, S. Maity, R. Neogi, N. Chhaule, B. Chatterjee, J. Digar, S. Bhunia, Design and Development of Compact Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Communication, 2024 4th International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control & Information Technology (C3IT), Hooghly, India, pp. 1-5, 2024. https://10.1109/C3IT60531.2024.10829447
N. Chhaule, R. Neogi, J. Chakraborti, S. Pramanik, S. Maity, T. Tewary, S. Mandal, C. Koley, Broadband Sub-50 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G wireless Application, 2023 8th International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication (CODEC), December 2023. https:// 10.1109/CODEC60112.2023.10465990
R. Neogi, S. Mandal, T. Tewary, C. Koley, Design of Compact Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna for IoT Applications in WLAN, Wi-Max, C-Band, 8th International Conference on IoT & Connected Technologies, 13-14th October, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5786-2_33
S. Maity, T. Tewary, S. Mukherjee, A. Roy, S. Bhunia, Compact Broadband Antenna Using Modified Ground Plane, 3rd International Conference on Communication, Devices and Computing. ICCDC 2021. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 851, Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9154-6_3
S. Mukherjee, A. Roy, S. Maity, T. Tewary, S. Bhunia, Design of Dual Band Rejected Square UWB Microstrip Antenna, 3rd International Conference on Communication, Devices and Computing. ICCDC 2021. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 851, Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9154-6_45
T. Tewary, S. Maity, and S. Bhunia, Compact Ultra-wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna, International Conference on Advanced Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICAEEE), Kolkata, India, pp. 39-43, 31st August, 2020.

Student Projects:

Title: Design of Broadband Wearable Antenna for IOT and Medical Application

Students: Sudeshna Banerjee, Souvik Rana, Soumyajeet Dutta, Souvik Dutta, Soumya Seth

Supervisor: Dr. Tapas Tewary (ECE Department)

Year: 2025

Problem Description: Various types of antennas exist today, including aperture, array, reflector, lens, horn and microstrip antennas. Among them, the microstrip antenna is widely used due to its versatility. Key application areas include mobile and satellite communication, GPS, radar systems, medical fields and wearable technologies. Despite its advantages, the microstrip antenna has limitations such as narrow bandwidth, low gain, complex feed structures, polarization issues, poor end-fire radiation, feed radiation losses and limited power handling capacity. Therefore, ongoing research focuses on minimizing these drawbacks to enhance the performance of microstrip patch antenna.

Focus of Research:

hybrid microstrip patch antenna for broadband operation
hybrid microstrip patch antenna for super wideband operation
hybrid wideband microstrip patch antenna and gain improvement using FSS

Problem Description: Over the past couple of decades, wireless communication has advanced significantly. Antennas are one of the most crucial components of modern wireless gadgets, and their production must be customized to meet the market’s growing need for fast and intelligent products. Machine learning is gaining a lot of attention due to its capacity to determine the best results in a variety of fields, and it is anticipated to play a significant role in our future technological infrastructure. Machine learning is exhibiting an obvious future in antenna design optimisation by anticipating antenna behaviour and accelerating optimisation with accuracy and efficiency.

Focus of Research:

Design of microstrip patch antenna at mmWave frequency and analyse its parametric variations for multi-band and wideband operations.
Optimization of MIMO antennas using machine learning, exploring various machine learning algorithms used for modelling and optimization.

Publications:

Chhaule, N., Mandal, S., Koley, C., Design of H-Shaped Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna at 28 GHz for 5G Communication, Artificial Intelligence in Internet of Things (IoT): Key Digital Trends. ICIoTCT 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 1072. Springer, Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5786-2_32
Chhaule, N., Koley, C., Mandal, S., Onen, A., & Ustun, T. S., A Comprehensive Review on Conventional and Machine Learning-Assisted Design of 5G Microstrip Patch Antenna Electronics, 13(19), 3819, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13193819
R. Aman, S. Biswas, J. Deb, R. Basu and N. Chhaule, Design and Analysis of Flipped-P Shaped Elliptical Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on Different Dielectric Substrates at Sub-6 GHz Frequency Range for 5G Applications, 2024 4th International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control & Information Technology (C3IT), Hooghly, India, 2024, pp. 1-6. https://doi:10.1109/C3IT60531.2024.10829463
Chhaule, N. et al., Wideband Antenna for wireless Application, Integration of Artificial Intelligence in IoT: Opportunities and Challenges, Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Internet of Things and Connected Technologies (ICIoTCT 2024). Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (Accepted).

Student Projects:

Title: Design and Analysis of Flipped-P Shaped Elliptical Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on Different Dielectric Substrates at Sub-6 GHz Frequency Range for 5G Applications

Students: Razeen Aman, Sayantika Biswas, Jayantika Deb, Rahul Basu, Khushi Gupta

Supervisor: Nupur Chhaule (ECE Department)

Year: 2024

Problem Description: With the evolution of 5G wireless communication antennas with ultra-high data speeds, reduced latency, and improved connection at mm-Wave frequencies are required. At these frequencies, traditional microstrip patch antennas have problems like low gain, limited bandwidth, poor efficiency, and higher cross-polarization radiation. The objective of this research is to design a broadband high-gain antenna that is optimized for different 5G applications. By utilizing cutting-edge methods like Metasurfaces and ML-based optimization, the suggested antenna will provide a large bandwidth, high radiation efficiency, and compactness.

Focus of Research:

Miniaturized Broadband High Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna
Miniaturized Broadband High-Gain Microstrip Patch antenna optimized using Machine Learning
Metasurface-based Bandpass Filter

Publications:

Title: Compact Broadband Antenna Design and Optimization for IoT Application
Students: Partha Basak, Sammya Bhattacharyya, Soumalya Mukherjee, Ankush Panda, Aditya Paul, Debajyoti Bandyopadhyay
Supervisor: Rakhi Neogi (ECE Department)
Year: 2025
Title: ML-based Design and Optimization of Bandpass Filter for Microwave Application
Students: Anindya Ghosh, Paramananda Sadhukhan, Arnabi Chowdhury, Riya Datta, Saranee Gupta
Supervisor: Rakhi Neogi (ECE Department)
Year: 2026 (Ongoing)