Integrated Circuits: Semiconductor Devices and CAD for VLSI

Integrated Circuits (ICs) are the foundation of modern electronics, enabling complex functionalities to be embedded into compact, high-performance devices. VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integration) technology allows millions to billions of transistors to be fabricated on a single chip, powering everything from smartphones and computers to advanced medical equipment and communication systems.

At the Academy of Technology (AOT), research in Semiconductor Devices and CAD (Computer-Aided Design) for VLSI focuses on both the physical and design aspects of microelectronic systems. On the device side, faculty and students study semiconductor physics, fabrication techniques, and emerging materials such as gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) to improve performance, efficiency, and thermal stability. Research also explores nanoscale device modeling, low-power design strategies, and the integration of novel transistor architectures like FinFETs and gate-all-around (GAA) devices. In the domain of CAD for VLSI, AOT develops advanced tools and algorithms for chip design, simulation, verification, and optimization. Emphasis is placed on reducing design cycle time, improving accuracy, and meeting constraints such as power consumption, speed, and area efficiency. Researchers also work on design automation for mixed-signal and system-on-chip (SoC) architectures, integrating hardware and software co-design methodologies.
Applications of this research span consumer electronics, automotive electronics, telecommunications, and defense systems. For example, low-power VLSI designs enable longer battery life in portable devices, while high-performance ICs drive data-intensive applications like AI and high-speed networking.
AOT’s research is supported by well-equipped microelectronics and VLSI design laboratories with industry-standard EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools. Collaborations with semiconductor companies and research institutes ensure alignment with current technological trends and industry demands. Future research directions at AOT include exploring quantum device integration, neuromorphic computing hardware, and 3D IC architectures to meet the performance needs of next-generation computing systems.

Researchers:

Dr. Kanishka Majumder (ECE Department)
Dr. Bappaditya Mondal (CSE Department)

Projects:

Design, Optimization, and Machine Learning (ML) -Based Performance Prediction of Emerging Photonic and Optoelectronic Devices
Techniques for the detection and localization of missing gate faults in reversible circuits

Problem Description: The growing demand for sustainable energy and advanced photonic technologies drives the need for efficient, stable, and scalable optoelectronic devices. This research integrates machine learning (ML) with physics-based design to optimize devices like perovskite and heterojunction solar cells (PSC/HSC), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and avalanche photodiodes (APDs). ML models enable rapid performance prediction and structural optimization, overcoming limitations of traditional simulation methods. The goal is to develop a synergistic framework that enhances quantum efficiency, power conversion, and stability, while supporting green energy initiatives and next-generation applications in photovoltaics, sensing, communication, and computing through the improved design of photonic and optoelectronic platforms.

Focus of Research:

Design and performance optimization of Heterojunction Solar cells, Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs), Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs), Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and novel Electronic-Photonic Hybrid Structures.
Performance prediction of different emerging photonic devices using Machine Learning (ML) models.

Publications:

Subham Pramanik, Kanishka Majumder and N. R. Das, Performance Analysis for Optimum Design of Lead-Free MASnI3 based Perovskite Solar Cells with NiOx and ZnO as Charge Transport Layers, Physica Scripta, IOP Publishing, 100 (7), 075541 (1-19), July 2025, ISSN: 1402-4896. https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ade2a7
Kanishka Majumder, Paulami Rakshit and N. R. Das, Effect of Structural Parameters on Performance of Multi-diode Lateral Silicon Avalanche Photodetector, Semiconductors, (Springer), 54 (9), 1032-1038 (May 2020), ISSN: 1063-7826. https:// 10.1134/S1063782620090183
Kanishka Majumder, D. Barshilia and S. Majee, Study on Graphene Based Next Generation Flexible Photodetector for Optical Communication, Graphene – Scientific Research Publishing, 7, 9-16. (April 2018), ISSN Online: 2169-3471, ISSN Print: 2169-3439. https://doi.org/10.4236/graphene.2018.72002.
Kanishka Majumder and N. R. Das, Effects of Alloy Composition on Gain and Bandwidth of Si/SiGe and Si/GeSn Avalanche Photodiodes, Optik – International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, (Elsevier), 127 (5), 3059-3064 (March 2016), ISSN: 0030-4026. https:// 10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.11.174
Kanishka Majumder and N. R. Das, Gain and Bandwidth Analysis and Comparison for GaAs and Si Avalanche Photodiodes with Very Thin Multiplication Layer, Optical Engineering, (SPIE), 52 (5), 054001 (May 2013), ISSN: 0091-3286, E-ISSN: 1560-2303. https:// 10.1117/1.OE.52.5.054001
Santa Chawla, Tapashree Roy, Kanishka Majumder and Ashish Yadav, Red enhanced YAG: Ce, Pr nanophosphor for white LEDs, Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, (Taylor & Francis), 9 (8), 776-784 (Sep 2012), ISSN: 1745-8080, E-ISSN: 1745-8099. https://10.1080/17458080.2012.714481
Subham Pramanik, Kanishka Majumder, Aninda Chandra, Atriya Sett, Niladri Burman, Debajit Kumar, Numerical Simulation of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Incorporating 2D Graphene Derivatives as Hole Transport Layer: Optimization of Absorber Layer, Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Devices for Integrated Circuit (DevIC – 2025), pp. 49, held at the Kalyani Government Engineering College, WB, India during 05th-06th April 2025. (Accepted for publication in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library). https:// 10.1109/DevIC63749.2025.11012180
Subham Pramanik, Kanishka Majumder, Kaustav Bhadar, Sandipan Misra and N. R. Das, Optimization of Absorber Layer of Lead-free Tin based Perovskite Solar Cell with 2D Graphene Oxide as Hole Transport Layer, Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics (PHOTONICS – 2024), pp. 98, held at the IIT-KGP, India during 12th-15th December 2024.
Jayabrata Goswami, Kanishka Majumder, Subham Pramanik, Aritra Acharyya, Design and Performance Enhancement of F-Shaped GNR TFETs for Energy-Efficient Digital Applications, Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Sustainable Technologies (ICST-2024), held at National Institute of Technology-Durgapur, WB, India during 12th-15th December 2024.
D. Chatterjee, S. Panja, S. Das, S. Kundu, S. Pal and Kanishka Majumder, Predictive Modeling for Bandgap Tuning in Perovskite Solar Cells using Machine Learning, Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Electron Devices Kolkata Conference (EDKCON-2024), pp. 25, held at Fairfield by Marriott, New Town, Kolkata, WB, India from November 30 – December 01, 2024: organized by the IEEE EDS Kolkata Chapter. (Accepted for publication in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library). https:// 10.1109/EDKCON62339.2024.10870645
D. Karmakar, J. Saw, D. Modak, S. Pramanick, S. Pal and Kanishka Majumder, Advanced Gas Sensor Design: A Machine Learning Perspective on Photonic Crystals, Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Electron Devices Kolkata Conference (EDKCON-2024), pp. 26, held at Fairfield by Marriott, New Town, Kolkata, WB, India from November 30 – December 01, 2024: organized by the IEEE EDS Kolkata Chapter. (Accepted for publication in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library). https://10.1109/EDKCON62339.2024.10870675
Subham Pramanik, Kanishka Majumder, and N.R. Das, Optimization of Absorber Layer for the Performance Enhancement of Lead-free MASnI3 based Perovskite Solar Cell, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Information Technology (C3IT-2024), pp. 50, held at Academy of Technology (AOT), MAKAUT, Adisaptagram, Hooghly, WB, India from September 28-29, 2024. ISBN: 978-93-5788-202-6 (Accepted for publication in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library). https:// 10.1109/C3IT60531.2024.10829455
Subham Pramanik, Krishanu Bandyopadhyay, Kanishka Majumder, and N.R. Das, Performance Enhancement of Lead-Free MASnI3 based Perovskite Solar Cells Through Charge Transport Layer Optimization, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Information Technology (C3IT-2024), pp. 06, held at Academy of Technology (AOT), MAKAUT, Adisaptagram, Hooghly, WB, India from September 28-29, 2024. ISBN: 978-93-5788-202-6 (Accepted for publication in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library). https:// 10.1109/C3IT60531.2024.10829436
Soham Ghosh, and Kanishka Majumder, Design and Analysis of Meander line 5G Antenna using Transmission Line Model”, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Information Technology (C3IT-2024), pp. 06, held at Academy of Technology (AOT), MAKAUT, Adisaptagram, Hooghly, WB, India from September 28-29, 2024. ISBN: 978-93-5788-202-6 (Accepted for publication in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library). https:// 10.1109/C3IT60531.2024.10829428
Kanishka Majumder, Paulami Rakshit and N.R. Das, Dependence of Bandwidth on the Structural Parameters of Si-CMOS Avalanche Photodiode, Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Emerging Trends on Engineering and Science (ETES-2018), pp. 41, 23-24 March; 2018: In Collaboration with The Institution of Engineers (India), Asansol Engineering College, Asansol, West Bengal, India.
Kanishka Majumder, S. Majee, Study on Graphene based Next Generation Flexible Photodetector for Optical Communication, Proceedings of XIX th International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices (IWPSD-2017), held at Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India from December 11-15, 2017. http://www.iwpsd.in/postersession.html
Sourav Saha, Sudip Halder, Siddhartha Paul, Sweta Sharma, Kanishka Majumder, Next Generation Agricultural System, International Conference On Modelling And Simulation (MS-17), will be held at HHI Kolkata, from November 4-5, 2017, organized by Association For The Advancement Of Modelling And Simulation Techniques In Enterprise (A.M.S.E.), in collaboration with The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET-UK) Kolkata Local Network.
Sourav Saha, Siddhartha Paul, Sudip Halder, Kanishka Majumder, Smart Agricultural System: Better Accuracy and Productivity, Proceedings of Devices for Integrated Circuit (DevIC-2017), held at Kalyani Government Engineering College, organized by IEEE KGEC Student Branch Chapter in association with Department of ECE, KGEC, India, from March 23-24, 2017. (Accepted for publication in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library). https:// 10.1109/DEVIC.2017.8073960
Paulami Rakshit, Kanishka Majumder and N.R. Das, Frequency Response of a CMOS Compatible Silicon Avalanche Photodetector, Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication (CODEC-2015), pp. NMD-36, held at Swissotel Kolkata, organized by Institute of Radio Physics & Electronics, University of Calcutta, India, from December 16-18, 2015.
Kanishka Majumder and N.R. Das, Effect of Alloy Composition on the Gain Performance of a Si/ Ge1-ySny Avalanche Photodiode, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference of Microwave and Photonics (ICMAP-2015), held at Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India from December 11-13, 2015. (Accepted for publication in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library). IEEE ISBN: 978-1-4673-6897-1. https:// 10.1109/ICMAP.2015.7408770
Kanishka Majumder, Paulami Rakshit and N.R. Das, Effect of Finger Spacing on the Gain of a Silicon Avalanche Photodetector Compatible with CMOS Technology, Proceedings of 2nd International Conference of Microwave and Photonics (ICMAP-2015), held at Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India from December 11-13, 2015. (Accepted for publication in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library) IEEE ISBN: 978-1-4673-6897-1. https://10.1109/ICMAP.2015.7408774
Kanishka Majumder and N.R. Das, Effect of Ge-composition on the Frequency Response of a Thin Layer Si1-yGey Avalanche Photodiode, Proceedings of International Conference of Microwave and Photonics (ICMAP-2013), pp. 162, held at Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India from December 13-15, 2013. (Accepted for publication in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library) IEEE ISBN: 978-1-4799-2176-8. https:// 10.1109/ICMAP.2013.6733538
Kanishka Majumder and N.R. Das, Effect of Ge-composition on the Gain of a Thin Layer Si1-yGey Avalanche Photodiode, Proceedings of 17th International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices (IWPSD-2013), vol. II, pp. 181, held at Amity Institute of Advance Research and Studies (Materials and Devices), Noida, UP, India from December 10-13, 2013. (Accepted for publication in the Springer)
Kanishka Majumder and N.R. Das, Calculating the Gain of n+-i-p+ Avalanche Photodiode with Nanometric active Layer, Proceedings of 100th Session of the Indian Science Congress (ISC-2013) in the Section XIII: Physical Sciences, pp. 99, held at University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India from January 03-07, 2013.
Kanishka Majumder and N.R. Das, Modeling the Gain and Bandwidth of Submicron active layer n+-i-p+ Avalanche Photodiode, Proceedings of XVIth International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices (IWPSD-2011), pp. 47, held at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India from December 19-22, 2011. (Accepted for publication in the SPIE Digital Library).
Kanishka Majumder and N.R. Das, Modeling the Gain-Bias Relationship in a Nanostructure Avalanche Photodiode, Proceedings of 2nd National Conference on Frontiers in Electronics, Communication and Instrumentation Technology (FECIT-2011), pp. 90, held at Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India from November 03-04, 2011.
N.R. Das and Kanishka Majumder, A Model to Calculate the Current in an n+-i-p+ Avalanche Photodiode, Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics (PHOTONICS-2010), pp. 433, held at Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India from December 11-15, 2010. ISBN: 978-81-309-1719-1.
Kanishka Majumder and Tapashree Roy, Generation of White Light with YAG:Ce nanophosphor co-doped with Rare Earth Atoms, in Conjunction with Blue LED, Proceedings of National Students Paper Contest on NEW GENERATION ELECTRONICS (NGE-2008), organized by Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Netaji Subhash Engg. College, Kolkata, India from March 4-5, 2008.
Tapashree Roy, Kanishka Majumdar, Ashish Yadav, D. Haranath and Santa Chawla, Generation of White Light with YAG,Ce, Re Nanophosphor in Conjunction with Blue LED, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Luminescence and its Applications (ICLA-2008), held at National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India from February 13-16, 2008.

Book Chapters:

K. Majumder, S. Pramanik, J. Goswami, Implementation of Smart Building Using Internet of Things (IoT), Book Title: Real-World Applications and Implementations of IoT, Series Title: Studies in Smart Technologies, Publisher Springer Singapore, 12th Feb 2025 ISBN: 978-981-97-8626-8(eBook),ISBN:978-981-97-8627-5.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8627-5_2
Kanishka Majumder and N.R. Das, Effect of Ge-composition on the Gain of a Thin Layer Si1-yGey Avalanche Photodiode, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Environmental Science and Engineering, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014, ISSN 1863-5520, ISSN 1863-5539 (electronic), ISBN 978-3-319-03001-2, ISBN 978-3-319-03002-9 (eBook). https:10.1007/978-3-319-03002-9_

Student Projects:

Title: Numerical Simulation of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cell Incorporating 2D Materials as Hole Transport Layer

Students: Aninda Chandra, Atriya Set, Debajit Kumar, Niladri Burman, Lokenath Sarkar

Supervisors: Dr. Kanishka Majumder, Subham Pramanik (ECE Department)

Year: 2025-26

Title: Performance Optimization of Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells: A Theoretical Investigation with Graphene and Advanced 2D Interface Layers
Students: Sushovan Dey, Supriyo Chatterjee, Soumojit Ghosh, Debasish
Sarkar, Swastik Das
Supervisor: Dr. Kanishka Majumder (ECE Department)
Year: 2025-26
Title: Machine Learning Approaches for Solar Cell Efficiency Enhancement
Students: Atia Khatun, Anuska Chandra, Aditya Jha, Dhruba Mondal
Supervisors: Dr. Kanishka Majumder, Subham Pramanik (ECE Department), Subhashis Das (CSE Department)
Year: 2025-26
Title: Advanced Gas Sensor Design: A Machine Learning Perspective on Photonic Crystals
Students: Debjyoti Karmakar, Joydip Saw, Debashis Modak, Subhajit Pramanick, Suman Pal
Supervisor: Dr. Kanishka Majumder (ECE Department)
Year: 2024-25
Title: Predictive Modeling for Bandgap Tuning in Perovskite Solar Cells using Machine Learning
Students: Dipayan Chatterjee, Swarupa Das, Sudeshna Kundu, Sowradeep Pal, Suman Panja
Supervisor: Dr. Kanishka Majumder (ECE Department)
Year: 2024-25
Title: Analytical Modeling of Single Junction Solar Cell and Simulation using MATLAB
Students: Barsa Das, Poulami De, Piasa Badopadhyay, Priyanka De, Piyali Ghosh
Supervisor: Dr. Kanishka Majumder (ECE Department)
Year: 2018-19

Problem Description: The primary challenge in reversible circuit testing is not only the detection of faults but also the accurate diagnosis of the identified faults within the circuit. Faults in reversible circuits can disrupt logical operations, making efficient detection and localization essential for reliable functioning. To address this, several algorithms have been proposed that focus on identifying and localizing different types of faults. These include single missing gate fault (SMGF), repeated gate fault (RGF), partial missing gate fault (PMGF), and multiple missing gate fault (MMGF). Each type presents unique testing difficulties, and specialized techniques are essential to ensure accurate fault detection and diagnosis.

Focus of Research:

Fault Detection Techniques in Reversible Circuits: Developing efficient algorithms and methodologies to accurately detect various types of faults such as SMGF, RGF, PMGF, and MMGF in reversible logic circuits.
Fault Localization and Diagnosis: Designing advanced diagnostic tools and techniques to precisely localize and classify the detected faults within reversible circuits for improved reliability.

Publications:

Joyati Mondal, Bappaditya Mondal, Dipak K Kole, Hafizur Rahaman and Debesh K. Das, Boolean Difference Technique for Detecting All Missing Gate and Stuck-at Faults in Reversible Circuit, Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers (World Scientific), vol. 28 (12), pp. 1950212. https://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218126619502128.
Bappaditya Mondal, Chandan Bandyopadhyay, Dipak K Kole, Debesh K. Das and Hafizur Rahaman, Test Generation from Boolean Generator for Detection of Missing Gate Faults (MGF) in Reversible Circuit Using Boolean Difference Method, IETE Journal of Research (Taylor & Francis), vol. 68 (2), pp. 1091-1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218126619502128
Bappaditya Mondal, Chandan Bandyopadhyay, Anirban Bhattacharjee and Hafizur Rahaman, An Online Testing Scheme for Detection of Gate Faults in ESOP Based Reversible Circuit, Journal of The Institution of Engineers, India Ser. B (Springer Nature), vol. 100, pp. 309-319, 2019. https://10.1007/s40031-019-00413-z
Bappaditya Mondal, Chandan Bandyopadhyay, Anirban Bhattacharjee, Debashri Roy, Shalini Parekh and Hafizur Rahaman, An Approach for Detection and Localization of Missing Gate Faults in Reversible Circuit, IETE Journal of Research, pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2020.1772127
Anirban Bhattacharjee, Chandan Bandyopadhyay, Bappaditya Mondal and Hafizur Rahaman, Linear Nearest Neighbour Realization of Quantum Circuits Using Clustering and Look-ahead Policy, Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, vol. 29 (16), pp. 2050263. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126620502631
Anirban Bhattacharjee, Chandan Bandyopadhyay, Philipp Niemann, Bappaditya Mondal, Rolf Drechsler and Hafizur Rahaman, An Improved Heuristic Technique for Transforming Quantum Circuits to Nearest Neighbour Based Designs in 2D Space, Integration, the VLSI Journal, vol. 76, pp. 40-54. https://www.x-mol.com/paperRedirect/1304493634115309568
Laxmidhar Biswal, Bappaditya Mondal and Hafizur Rahaman, Fault Tolerant Quantum Implementation of Conventional Decoder Logic with Enable Input, IET Circuits, Devices & Systems, vol. 15 (5), pp. 415-423. https://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12036
Bappaditya Mondal, Subratta Datta and Sutapa Sarkar, A Modified Technique for Detection and Exact Localization of Missing Gate Faults in Reversible Circuits, IETE Journal of Research, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2025.2511272.
Bappaditya Mondal, Dipak Kumar Kole, Hafizur Rahaman and Debesh K. Das, Generator for Test Set Construction of SMGF in Reversible Circuit by Boolean difference method, IEEE 23rd Asian Test Symposium ( ATS 2014), Hangzhou, China, pp.68-73. https://10.1109/ATS.2014.24
Bappaditya Mondal, Chandan Bandyopadhyay, Dipak K Kole, Jimson Mathew and Hafizur Rahaman, Diagnosis of SMGF in ESOP based Reversible Logic Circuit, 5th IEEE International Symposium on Electronic System Design (ISED 2014), NIT Surathkal, India, pp. 89-93. https://10.1109/ISED.2014.26
Joyati Mondal, Bappaditya Mondal, Dipak Kumar Kole, Hafizur Rahaman and Debesh K. Das, Boolean Difference Technique for Detecting All Missing Gate Faults in Reversible Circuits, 18th IEEE International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS 2015), Belgrade, Serbiapp, pp.95-98. https://10.1109/DDECS.2015.43
Bappaditya Mondal, Chandan Bandyopadhyay and Hafizur Rahaman, Online Testing of SMGF in ESOP Based Reversible Circuits, IEEE Techsym-2016, IIT Kharagpur, India, pp.141-146. https://doi.org/10.1109/TechSym.2016.7872671
Bappaditya Mondal, Chandan Bandyopadhyay and Hafizur Rahaman, Fault Detection Technique in Reversible Circuits Implemented with Mixed-Polarity Control Lines, IEEE International Symposium on Embedded Computing and System Design (ISED 2016), IIT Patna, India, pp.96-100. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISED.2016.7977062
Bappaditya Mondal, Chandan Bandyopadhyay and Hafizur Rahaman, Detection and Localization of Appearance Faults in Reversible Circuits, IEEE International Symposium on Embedded Computing and System Design (ISED 2017), NIT Durgapur, India, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISED.2017.8303946
Bappaditya Mondal, Anirban Bhattacharjee, Chandan Bandyopadhyay and Hafizur Rahaman, An Approach for Detection of Node Displacement Fault (NDF) in Reversible Circuit, 23rd IEEE Symposium on VLSI Design and Test, IIT Indore, pp.605-616. https://10.1007/978-981-32-9767-8_50, 2019
Anirban Bhattacharjee, Bappaditya Mondal, Chandan Bandyopadhyay and Hafizur Rahaman, A Novel Fault Detection Scheme For Nearest Neighbor Based Reversible Circuits, 4th International Conference on Soft Computing: Theories and Applications, NIT, Patna, pp. 489-500, 2020. https://10.1007/978-981-15-4032-5_45
Anirban Bhattacharjee, Bappaditya Mondal, Chandan Bandyopadhyay and Hafizur Rahaman, A Survey Report on Recent Progresses in Nearest Neighbor Realization of Quantum Circuits, 4th International Conference on Soft Computing: Theories and Applications, NIT, Patna, pp. 57-68. https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-981-15-4032-5_7
Laxmidhar Biswal, Bappaditya Mondal, Anindita Chakraborty and Hafizur Rahaman, Efficient Quantum Implementation of Majority-based Full Adder circuit using Clifford+T-group, IEEE International Symposium on Embedded Computing and System Design (ISED 2021), Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Gandhinagar, India, pp. 53-63. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6940-8_5
Bappaditya Mondal, Udit Narayan Kar, Chandan Bandyopadhyay, Debashri Roy and Hafizur Rahaman, An Online Testing Technique for the Detection of Control Nodes Displacement Faults (CNDF) in Reversible Circuits, 26th International Conference on VLSI Design and Test (VDAT-2022), IIT Jammu, India, pp. 249-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21514-8_22